Showing posts with label World of English. Show all posts

English Learning Resources

This is a follow up blog to my old one titled "How I learnt English", I wrote this as an email to a friend who approached me the other day, seeking some tips and tricks on how to improve her English and also if I can share with her some free resources.
I divided my email into four sections to guide her through it, so without further ado here is what I've sent to my friend.

Lessons from Tuesdays with Morrie




Last week I had the pleasure of reading the splendid book 'Tuesdays with Morrie' , it took me up and down into a spiritual trip.
 The book talks about Morrie Schwartz a professor who died 20 years ago with Lou Gehrig's disease, he shared with Mitch Albom his theories on various subjects such as culture, family, forgiveness, death,  and marriage. Albom wrote this novel to help pay the immense medical bills for Morrie.

The little wave


One of the most powerful messages I read this year, it's very simple yet it has great meaning; is the story about the little wave:
" a little wave was bobbing along in the ocean, having a grand old time. He’s enjoying the wind and the fresh air – until he notices the other waves in front of him, crashing against the shore. “My God, this terrible”, the wave says. “Look what’s going to happen to me!”
Then along comes another wave. It sees the first wave, looking grim, and it says to him: “Why do you look so sad?”
The first wave says: “You don’t understand! We’re all going to crash! All of us waves are going to be nothing! Isn’t it terrible?”
The second wave says: “No, you don’t understand. You’re not a wave, you’re part of the ocean."
Albom had the chance to visit his old professor at frequent times throughout the remaining months of his life. He wrote down all the things he learned during this time, and gathered them into his novel.

This book is a page turner, I expressed many powerful emotions while reading the topics that Morrie discussed with Mitch.

He has done something I wish I could do, he exposed himself to the society around him, his fears, tears, and his illness! He was truly a brave man.

However, his proverb "Death ends a life, not a relationship.” demonstrate it's value as he lies dead in his grave when people still cherish his memory.

I want to share with you four lessons I learnt from Morrie:

The 1st lesson on love:


Morrie said: "The most important thing in life is to learn how to give out love, and to let it come in.”... “Let it come in. We think we don’t deserve love, we think if we let it in we’ll become too soft. But a wise man named Levine said it right. He said, ‘Love is the only rational act.'”
In truth, I strongly believe that love is the main message Morrie wanted to convey. Love in its pure form, being alive worth nothing if you don't have the ability to spread love around you, so "love one another or die".

The 2nd lesson on wealth:


Money is the devil of all times, yet it's pretty precious, valuable, worthy of respect, but Morrie taught me that:
 “You can’t substitute material things for love or for gentleness or for tenderness or for a sense of comradeship."
another lesson about love! Not surprising at all, because buying new expensive things in hope to substitute the longing for love in our hearts is not the solution.
All in all, wealth can't buy happiness and health. It's a life fact, but many chose to give it a mess!

The 3rd lesson on living:


What makes a perfect life? Is it great achievements, cheerful moments, or huge income. Maybe all of these together, and perhaps none of them, but Morrie has an adorable idea, he said: 
 "Be compassionate, and take responsibility for each other. If we only learned those lessons, this world would be so much better a place."
 Here is a clever hint of how to be part of the ocean.

The 4th lesson on teachers:


Teachers like the ocean of life, they appear massive and risky, but they have great treasures within them. They have an endless impact of their beliefs on generations of young lives, "they to be honoured than parents because they teach the art of living well".

"Teacher to the last"
 that what Morrie wanted to be written on his grave stone. Indeed, it was true, his principles reached thousands of people in the rolling seas of life.

Finally, Tuesdays With Morrie is a tiny book with immense moral reflections, every time I read it, I find something new that startles me, and sharing these lessons with you made me feel like I'm part of the ocean too.

Far Beyond| sequel to the Giver Quartet


Far Beyond by Bassima

1

Morning breeze entering swiftly from the window made Gabe curl more with his coverlet, "It's Sunday, I'm not doing anything today" he thought, then he covered his head to prevent sunlight from hurting his eyes. 


"Daddy, daddy, wake up granny is expecting us today" little Matty jumped on his father's bed while shouting and sitting on his father's belly. Gabe peeking from under his cover "oh, not today Matt, why don't you go with your mother and I'll follow you later on?" He said. "But daddy you said last week you'll help me catch a birdy so we can put it in the cage granny made for me" Matty said.

He added "also mummy cooked a special breakfast this morning, it's packed and ready for us to have it together at granny's". Gabe rolls his eyes "all right, let me wash my face and we'll go together". 


2

Sipping her chamomile tea, and looking toward the path waiting for her son and his family to join her, Claire's thoughts drifted far away, she murmured the name Einar and to her surprise, she felt such a longing, nostalgia for Lame Einar, she wondered if he's still strong and tough to look after the herd, how he looks like now after all these years? Does he think about her at all? Like she does, sometimes.

She would never have met her son, if Einar refused to help her that night after he recounted his gritty story with his father and the reason why he wanted to climb out, in his shed, they were sitting together on heap of skins and discussing the possibility of her success to climb, he pointed to her " It be better, I think, to climb out in search of something, instead of hating what you’re leaving."

If it wasn't to her affable friend she would still nursing people's injuries, and deeply crying and sympathising her own loss.

Later that day, an old man walked pass Claire's cottage he heard the laughter of merriment and joy spreading from the Cott, he was satisfied to see a rainbow going over the house and fading in the horizon.

The giver, novel, writing challenge, English, Lois Lowry

Review The Giver | Lois Lowry

The Giver's cover
Hello Blog Friends :), I hope you are doing well and working hard on your new year resolutions list.

Recently, Shizusan, Shishimesan, and I started reading Lois Lowry's books, and we have begun with the well-known novel 'The Giver'.

I got this book last year at a bookfair, I found the description on the cover intriguing, so I bought it. Later on when I told my teacher about it, she pointed out that it is the first novel of an exhilarating series followed by "Gathering Blue, Messenger, and Son" and she highly recommends us to read the whole set.

Anyway, three weeks ago we finished The Giver, and we really enjoyed going through its chapters despite how some paragraphs sounded funny and ridiculous, such as the telling of feelings ritual every night, and when someone makes a mistake or causes trouble they must apologise by using an customary formula.

 Like in my case: "I  apologise for making you read this useless post" and everyone must reply in unison "We accept your apology, Bassima!".

On the other hand,  the most shockingly gloomy part of the story was when Jonas (plus us for sure) found out what it really means to "release" someone out of the community, I remember when Jonas watched a recorded tape of  his father doing a release of one of a pair of identical twins, Shizusan and I couldn't read that section, so Shishimesan read that dreadful painful part, while we were sobbing and rubbing our eyes. (Women!)

However, if you are willing to improve your English vocabulary, and your level is between intermediate and advanced, I think this is a very useful novel to practise, it is well written and the language is straightforward.

It is not a heavy going book that forces you to check up almost every single word, it is interesting, catchy, fictional, and we went through the book swiftly without any difficulties.

I made notes for the new vocabulary I've learnt while reading, they're in a PDF document , organized chapter by chapter, with some examples, I will insert the link to download the file at the bottom of this post.

Of course the novel is not out of copyright, so I cannot provide any links to download the book.

If you wish to read more information about the setting, plot, and awards check out the giver article on Wikipedia HERE

I would like to send a special thank you to my reading mates from Japan, Shizusan, and Shishimesan -who joined us recently-, for lifting up the burden of boredom and making my Mondays the best ever in my life. Love you guys xoxo

View and download The Giver Notes  (on Google drive)

Tags: Learn English, Reading, The giver, Lois Lowry, Vocabulary, Notes, Bassima

Writing Challenge: A Mistake I Used To Make


Greetings  Blog friends, today I am taking a part in the writing challenge by Tara Benwell on the Englishclub website. 

I used to have a very bad English accent, my R sound was very heavy, and it was hard for me to pronounce words like "train, rain, Spain", also I never knew the difference between "B and P".

All that is from the past now, and how I did it? It was simply by listening to the Radio as much as I can.


I used to listen every day while I am surfing the internet, and when I go to bed, or when I am in the kitchen, it was hard at the beginning but after a few months I really loved listening to the radio and it helps my pronunciation a lot.

I wrote about my listening experience last year and you can find the post here.

Thanks a lot. and bye for now :)  

Review The Woman In White


Title: The Woman in White.

Author: Wilkie Collins .

Re-told by: Richard G. Lewis.

Publisher: Oxford - Bookworms series - Level 6.
Quotes:
“My hour for tea is half-past five, and my buttered toast waits for nobody.” 

“The fool's crime is the crime that is found out and the wise man's crime is the crime that is not found out.” 

 
Hello Blog friends 


     I've recently finished reading this book with my friend Shizusan, I wanted to read this book because I've seen its film few years ago and it was a catchy one. I've read it was one of the most successful novels written by Collins, so I was excited to start reading this book for better understanding of the story.

     I read it every Monday chapter by chapter, Shizusan and I did not find any difficulty going through the book. I was expecting it to be a heavy going book because it is on level six, but the writing was simple and we understood most of the vocabulary.

     The Woman in White is a crime fiction kind of novels with the hero Walter Hartright, and it was told by different narratives, I liked this style because it makes me see the story from multiple aspects of  view.

     The events of the story takes place in the 19th century, it starts by Walter Hartright (the hero) who recently has accepted to be a drawing teacher for two ladies at Limmeridge House. walking late on the street to London when he met with a strange lady she was dressed in white, she looked frightened and tired, he helped her on her way to London but afterwards he knew that she has escaped from an asylum.
    The next day Walter arrived at Limmeridge House and met with his employer Mr. Fairlie, and his students: Laura Fairlie, Mr Fairlie's niece, and her half-sister Marian Halcombe. To his shock he realised the obvious likeness between Laura and the Woman in White who knew later that her name is Anne Catherick.

     Soon Walter fell in love with Laura, but Walter didn't know that Laura has promised her father to marry Sir Percival Glyde, Marian knowing that Laura loves her teacher advisees Walter to leave Limmeridge House before any harm could be done to both of them, so he quits his job and went back home.
    After that Laura got married to Sir Percival and became Lady Glyde, but she was still in love with her teacher, after their honeymoon Laura and her husband returned to Blackwater park in Hampshire, Marian came to live with her sister, Count Fosco and his wife who's Laura's aunt came to live at Blackwater, too.

     Marian knew that Sir Percival has financial problems, he tried to force Laura to sign a document that's allows him to use her £20,000, but Marian stood up for her and prevent him with the help from Fosco.
     After that the story gets more excited, Marian discovers Mr. Glyde and count Fosco's plot to obtain her sister's money, but unfortunately she got typhus fever and was unconscious for about a month.
   During this time Sir Percival fooled Laura to go to London and stay at Count Fosco's house, and a few days after her arrival she passed away.

     When Marian has got better she was shocked by the news of her sister death, she didn't know what to do, so  she asked Hartright to help her, then a trip of  inquiries and investigations led by  Walter Hartright and Marian against Sir Percival and Count Fosco has started.

The story is really good and breath taking, if you are looking for a crime plus romance story I advise you to read this book, you'll learn a very useful new vocabulary. 

Thanks to my friend Shizusan for reading the book with me, I enjoyed every minute.

The Power Of Listening

a pic form http://education-portal.com
 Whenever you ask someone about the most important aspects of learning English they will probably tell you to read, write, listen and speak. No one can deny the importance of these abilities; however, most of students concentrate on building their vocabulary and improving grammar skills by reading and writing.

On the other hand some might find it too difficult to communicate with others by speaking, a bunch of students wonder why their friends who are very poor at English Grammar and writing are much better than them in speaking and communicating with people.

Therefore, they ask the common question for English learner how I can improve my speaking skills. What is the best way to get a beautiful clear accent?

Obviously, there is no magic solution or an instant remedy to voice your thoughts fluently and without hesitation.

To improve your speaking skills you must start from the very beginning by listening to English Radio Stations.

Some students might lower the importance of listening to these radio stations. However, they should know that native speakers have unusual accents that can be very hard to understand. With the radio stations, they will get the chance to listen to daily conversations so they can add a great listening experience to their English practice.

On the radio, you will listen to variety of topics and different people every day therefore you will be getting more vocabulary and better understanding of the language. 

When you decide to start listening to the radio stations it won't be as smooth as you were expecting, this means you ought to take some steps aimed to make the listening progress simpler and more convenient, this way you can learn the language more quickly without missing the fun part. 

Following my suggestions should make the listening process much easier. First pick up a program that its subject interests you, it could be about politics, gardening, cooking, athletics, or humour; make a vow that you will listen to the program everyday. 

During the listening pay attention to the host expressions and the way he discusses the subject issues every day. Also, try to repeat some words and idioms that you heard on the radio and look them up in a dictionary, if you are not sure how to write them, speak them in Google translator using your mic. 

Note that it is highly recommended to record the programs and listen to them over and over to improve your English level, it is better than listening to something new every time.

Apart from focusing on chosen programs,  listening to the music that played on  the radio stations can be very useful, try to understand the lyrics and sing the song along with the singer. In addition, Drama series on radio stations are a nice way to enjoy listening to  the radio and to get better accent by trying lip-sync the actors' dialogues.

Learn English as babies learn the language the more time you spend on listening the more speaking skills you will achieve, do not get frustrated if you cannot understand every single word you listen on the radio.

Listening to radio  gives you the best chance to learn English from native speakers without travelling to their countries.  Getting access to radio stations is very easy nowadays you can listen from your mobile, laptop, car, or your tablet.

Listening to English radio stations is a fantastic idea to improve your English and to have a lovely clear accent, so without any further ado check out the links below the article and start your journey to the best English learner zone. :)

Useful Links:
English Pronunciation Podcast

My favourite programs on the BBC radio four:
15 minute drama.
pick of the week (every Sunday).

Update: 
Thank you Jola for correcting my mistakes.

Tags: Learn English, Listen to English Podcasts, Radio Stations, perfect accent, BBC, Drama, English Article, Bassima equals smile blog

How I learnt English.


 
I ran into learning English to save my brain and soul from getting lost and going down, first it was like a saving rope to occupy myself to forget about  my mother death and all the problems I had in 2009, now I am really glad that I climbed that rope because learning English became everything in my life.

Is it possible to learn English on your own?


     Yes, of course. I learnt English at home through the Internet depending on myself and the help I got from my online friends. If you really desire to learn the English language you have to follow these three steps first:  1- true intention to learn, 2- continuity, 3- be patient.

How I started learning English?


     I started learning English in the end of 2009; I had no idea at all about the language so I had to start with the Alphabet, numbers, common conversations, and the names of the things around me.  Then I started to search online for the best way to learn English at home, it took me a long time but I found many useful tips about the best way to learn English, I also got lots of good free resources, groups and websites. After about three months I fell in love with ENGLISH though I was at the very beginning steps, but don't you agree that love what you are doing is the best way to go through it.


     In 2010, I knew exactly what shall I do to start developing my learning processes, I focused on listening to English dialogues and programs on radio, TV, and my phone as much as I can, this step is very important I can't even tell how much it helps me listening to English almost all the day every day, I got to use to the "tune" of English sounds, and gradually I begun to catch some words though I don't understand them. Besides listening I was reading daily simple conversations and short stories, here are the first websites I used for listening and reading:


1- For listening I choose BBC radios because I decided to follow the British accent, I used to listen to BBC world news radio but later on I found that BBC radio four is best because it has variety of good multiple programs. My advice to you is to turn on the radio on the live stream and listen to it but don't bother yourself to understand only LISTEN:




2- For reading simple dialogues I signed up in Livemocha website, it is a very good and useful place to start learning from, they have four courses for free, each course has 5 lessons, in a lesson you will listen to forty sentences, and review them, then you will have to do some exercises in writing and speaking, if you finish these steps you can move on to the next lesson, and the good thing in this website that its members are able to see your submissions and correct them for you, they also can rate your work.




Free ESL stories is  very good for beginners, I read most of the short stories there.



Foreign language vocabulary is very good to learn new vocabularies



BBC learning English website helped me very much, especially The Flatmates section.


 What to do next?


    As I read on the internet the best way to remember what you have learnt is to review and practice, for me it was very hard to start practicing with other people and students, I was afraid and terrified of the idea of typing to others in English, what if they laugh at me? What if they make fun of my writing, what if they hate on me? And all these crazy questions, I remember first times I typed to someone in English my fingers were quivering which made it hard to type the right letters, but I forced myself to type and chat with my friends on MSN, and after a while I moved to Skype, then on a good website called Sharedtalk, it is a language exchange network I used it for chatting, and later on talking when I got the courage to speak to people.

Here is its link: www.sharedtalk.com/

Nowadays I always practice writing by chatting on Skype with my friends, or in English learning groups, I learn everyday from correcting my mistakes.

How I look up the new words?


     For the new vocabulary I first look them up in the dictionary, and listen to the pronunciation, then see their translation in my language, finally I try to write them down and remember how to spell them, here is the websites I use for looking up the new words:






How I say, very good for pronunciation


Answers.com, it is a treasure never loses it.




These days  I only use Cambridge and Google translator.

What is my daily routine?


     I Read books with friends on regular pieces every Saturday, Monday and Wednesday in my own reading club on Skype. I listen to my favourite programs on BBC radio four, the news quiz, and the Archers. I write blog posts to improve my writing skills. I chat on Skype and correct my mistakes.  I watch interesting videos on YouTube, and here are the links of my favourite channels there:


Misterduncan's Channel, for learning English, he has very funny and useful video lessons










Shaytards's channel (daily vlogs)


The fine bros's channel (films & entertainment)





There are many more, but these are my top channels. This is almost what I do to practice and improve my English every day, if you would like to know about the books I read please view my previous post "Books are delicious".

Keep improving, never stop!


       It is been nearly three years since I started learning English and to be honest with you guys I never ever thought I'd write about my learning experience one day, I took Mr.duncan advice to think of English as a part of my body that I can't leave without it like my eyes or my tongue I would be miserable without them. Also my teacher Margaret one day said "any use of English is good", therefore I try to surround  myself with English everyday by reading books, listening to the radio, POP songs, and writing blogs, watching videos on YouTube, and recently I begun to use virtual worlds like Second Life, my point here is if you do different activities in learning English you will not get bored after a while because you do more than one thing, humans get bored easily so if you felt like that stop learning for a few weeks and rest your brain, then come back with new plans and more energy but remember never quit learning and destroy what you have been building for many years.

     English is a powerful language it is not only a way to communicate with others or to get a better job, it is an enormous gate to knowledge and better understanding for the planet, it helped me to be an open minded girl and made my voice and thoughts reached to people in the other side of the world, it is really a fun and a great way to increase your vision about the mysterious world. When I think of myself now and before I realise and see how English changed me, I started learning on my own accord to run from my sorrows and sad notion but now I am very glad I took this path because the result of it is so wonderful and I am very eager to continue learning English because it is like the sea the more you drink from it the more you get thirsty. I am thirsty for more English; I intend to never stop learning English, and I hope you too will do the same my dear reader.


     Please write to me and share with me your story of learning English, did it change your life? I hope so.Thank you all for reading, and here is Mona's post about her own experience in learning English, please read her post and don't forget to leave encouraging comments after you read.



tags:how I learnt English, on my own, through the internet, World of English, English is easy, I love English, I want to learn English, how did you learn English?, free resources

books are delicious!


=)    


 Hello everyone

No one can deny that reading books is the most common hobby around the world, without reading we will be silly human beings, that is a simple fact.
For us (English Learners) the most important part to develop our learning progress is to READ as much as possible. If we want to increases our vocabulary we need to read, therefore I'd love to share with you lists of the books I have read, and the books I am reading at the moment, and finally the books on the shelf waiting for me to eat them yummy!


First: Books I have read.


1. The Golden Goose and other stories, Retold by David Foulds. (level one)

Description: Three brothers go to cut wood. The two older brothers come home with nothing, but the youngest one, Dummling, has a day of surprises. A new friend gives him a bird with golden feathers. The golden goose leads Dummling through many adventures, until he finds a beautiful but serious princess, who never smiles or laughs. How does Dummling make her laugh?

Two sisters, one kind and polite, one rude and horrible, go to get water from a spring. Much later, the kind girl becomes rich and goes to live in a palace. Her older sister goes to live alone and never speaks again. What happened to the sisters at the spring?

Find out the answers to these questions, and read many more strange and magical stories in this collection of fairy tales.


2. David Copperfield by Charles dickens. (level  three)


Description: "David Copperfield's father dies 3 months before his birth. His mother, very young, pretty, and inexperienced, raises the boy with the help of her loyal maid, Clara Peggoty. Things go well, young Davy is growing up in a happy, loving home – until his mother marries again. Mr. Murdstone, Davy's stepfather, believes that “firmness” is the only way of dealing with boys. He ends up sending Davy away to a boarding school run by a cruel schoolmaster Mr. Creakle.

When Davy's mother dies, Mr. Murdstone decides that even this kind of education is too good for his stepson and promptly gets rid of him by sending him to London, to work at a blacking factory. Davy is only 10 when that happens. After many trials, he decides to run away and search for his aunt, Betsy Trotwood, who eventually adopts him.

The second part of this novel shows the grown-up David Copperfield, he has completed his education and is apprenticed as a clerk to work in a law firm. He meets his boss's daughter Dora and falls in love. His feelings are returned, but Dora's father is furious when he finds out about the engagement. Meanwhile, David's aunt goes bankrupt, the family loses most of their possessions, and David has to work even harder in order to provide for himself and his loved ones.


3. The Call Of The Wild, By Jack London. (level three)


Description: . . .And Buck really was crazy now. He had fire in his eyes, and he wanted to kill . . . In the end, Buck couldn't stand up. He couldn't see or hear. He was almost dead.

In this way, Buck's new life in the cold north of Canada begins. He has to learn many new things, and the lessons are hard. But Buck is a strong, intelligent dog and he wants to live.

Buck meets dangerous men—and dogs—in this difficult, snowy country. He changes because he has to change. But can he really be happy there?


Second: Books I am reading.


4. English Fairy Tales, collected by Joseph Jacobs. (advance)


Description: WHO SAYS that English folk have no fairy-tales of their own?

The present volume contains only a selection out of some

140, of which I have found traces in this country. It is probable

that many more exist.


5. Wheel on the school  By Meindert Dejong. (advance)


Description: Why do the storks no longer come to the little Dutch fishing village of Shora to nest? It was Lina, one of the six schoolchildren who first asked the question, and she set the others to wondering. And sometimes when you begin to wonder, you begin to make things happen. So the children set out to bring the storks back to Shora. The force of their vision put the whole village to work until at last the dream began to come true.


Third: Books waiting to be read.


6. A Tale of Two Cities By Charles Dickens. (level five)


Description: This great story is set against the background of the French Revolution. Two men – one French, one English, but very similar in appearance – are in love with the same woman. The three of them, like the people of France, are faced with the dangers of life at a time when the guillotine never rests.


7. the gifts and other stories, By O. Henry and others. (level four)


Description: The New Oxford Progressive English Readers offer a great selection of classic novels and plays from renowned authors that have been abridged in the form of easy-to-read stories for children to enjoy.


8. The Knife Markets of Sanaa.

From National Geographic with a CD.


9. Birds in Paradise.

From National Geographic with a CD.


10. The Story of Beautiful Girl By Rachel Simon. (advance)


Description: It is 1968. Lynnie, a young white woman with a developmental disability, and Homan, an African American deaf man, are locked away in an institution, the School for the Incurable and Feebleminded, and have been left to languish, forgotten. Deeply in love, they escape, and find refuge in the farmhouse of Martha, a retired schoolteacher and widow. But the couple is not alone-Lynnie has just given birth to a baby girl. When the authorities catch up to them that same night, Homan escapes into the darkness, and Lynnie is caught. But before she is forced back into the institution, she whispers two words to Martha: "Hide her." And so begins the 40-year epic journey of Lynnie, Homan, Martha, and baby Julia-lives divided by seemingly insurmountable obstacles, yet drawn together by a secret pact and extraordinary love.


     I hope you found my list is good and useful for you, of course there are other books I have read with friends in some English learning groups, but these books in the list are the ones I liked personally.
Please leave a comment response and tell me what your favourite books, or what the books you recommend me to read.
Thank you very much.


Bassima =)


Bassima on the Internet:
 
 
 

The Tale of Tom Tit Tot with Notes

Hello World... I love reading English Fairy Tales and I like to make notes about the difficult vocabulary.

Today I will put a list of notes about the tale of Tom Tit Tot, Click here to get the link for the tale

So let us read the notes and I hope they are will help you with your English learning, and make you understand the tale.



- Malice: the wish to harm or upset other people.

   with malice aforethought: to illegally harm someone with malice aforethought is

to have thought about it and planned it before acting.


- Twirl: to (cause to) give a sudden quick turn or set of turns in a circle.


              EX: "She danced and twirled across the room"



- Passage: (also passageway) a usually long and narrow part of a building

with rooms on one or both sides, or a covered path which connects places



- Shriek: a short, loud, high cry, especially one produced suddenly as an expression of a powerful emotion.



- Skeins




- Victuals: Food and drink.